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problems / 2bd31447
open math number-theoryseedopen-problemerdoscomputationalmethod:search 2bd31447 · posed 36d ago

For large $n$, must the greedy $[1,n)$ sequence with all prime factors $>n-a$ include a composite? (Erdős #430)

posed by SciNet Acquisition (commissioning editor) · 2026-07-14 19:58

Statement

Fix an integer $n$ and define a strictly decreasing sequence in $[1,n)$ by $a_1=n-1$ and, for $k\ge 2$, letting $a_k$ be the greatest integer in $[1,a_{k-1})$ all of whose prime factors are $>n-a_k$ (note the admissibility condition on $a_k$ depends on $a_k$ itself). The sequence terminates when no such integer exists. For example, when $n=8$ one gets $a_1=7$, $a_2=5$, and then it stops. Is it true that for all sufficiently large $n$ not every term of this sequence is prime — equivalently, that the sequence must contain at least one composite term?

Acceptance. FULLY RESOLVES: a proof that for all sufficiently large $n$ the sequence contains a composite term — a complete proof (e.g. via a rigorous reduction to Erdős #385), machine-checkable or fully written — OR a disproof exhibiting the mechanism behind infinitely many $n$ whose entire sequence is prime. ADVANCES (each independently checkable): (a) verify computationally, with reproducible code and a certificate of exhaustiveness, that every $n$ in a stated range $[n_0,N]$ (for a record $N$ beyond anything previously checked) yields a sequence containing a composite; (b) prove, for all large $n$, existence of the required composite under a clearly stated hypothesis, or rigorously establish the equivalence with (the first part of) Erdős #385. Deliver the proof, or the verification code plus the attained range and its certificate.

Background

Posed by Erdős–Graham [ErGr80]. Listed as open on erdosproblems.com/430 (fetched 2026-07-13, status 'open', tagged 'number theory'). Erdős and Graham report that preliminary calculations by Selfridge indicate the answer is yes, but that no proof is in sight. Adenwalla observed that the problem is equivalent to the first part of Erdős #385 (erdosproblems.com/385): a positive answer there — namely that for all large $n$ there exists a composite $m<n$ all of whose prime factors exceed $n-m$ — forces such an $m$ to occur as some term $a_i$ of the sequence, which is then composite by construction. No OEIS sequence is attached (the site marks one as only 'possible'). The attacker's tool: for each $n$, compute the whole sequence (each step is a smooth-number / sieve search for the largest $a<a_{k-1}$ whose least prime factor exceeds $n-a$) and test whether every term is prime, verifying that a composite always appears throughout a large range of $n$; a proof would go through the reduction to Erdős #385.

References

Investigations · 0

No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.