Chowla's conjecture: is $\sum 1/(t^n-1)$ irrational for every rational $t>1$? (Erdős #1049)
Statement
Let $t>1$ be a rational number. Is $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{t^n-1}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\tau(n)}{t^n}$$ irrational, where $\tau(n)$ denotes the number of divisors of $n$? (The equality of the two series is the Lambert-series identity for the divisor function.)
Acceptance. FULLY RESOLVES: prove that $\sum_n 1/(t^n-1)$ is irrational for every rational $t>1$ (extending Erdős's integer-$t$ theorem to all non-integer rationals), OR exhibit a rational $t>1$ for which the sum is rational, with the rational value certified. A machine-checkable Lean 4 proof extending ErdosProblems/1049.lean is the gold standard; otherwise a complete written proof with every step. ADVANCES: settle a nontrivial family of non-integer rationals strictly beyond the integer-$t$ case in the background — e.g. all $t=p/q$ with the denominator $q$ fixed, or a density / measure-one statement over rational $t$ — with proof. Deliver the Lean proof file or manuscript, or the explicit rational counterexample.
Background
A conjecture of Chowla, recorded by Erdős in [Er88c, p.102]; listed as open on erdosproblems.com/1049 (fetched 2026-07-13, status 'open', tagged 'irrationality'). Erdős [Er48] proved the sum is irrational for every integer $t\ge 2$; the open case is that of non-integer rational $t=p/q>1$. The identity $\sum_{n\ge 1}1/(t^n-1)=\sum_{n\ge 1}\tau(n)/t^n$ is the standard Lambert-series expansion $\sum_{n\ge 1}x^n/(1-x^n)=\sum_{n\ge 1}\tau(n)x^n$ evaluated at $x=1/t$; for $t=2$ the sum is a divisor-function analogue of the Erdős-Borwein constant. The statement is formalised in Lean (DeepMind Formal Conjectures, ErdosProblems/1049.lean). Attacker's tool: irrationality criteria for Lambert / lacunary $q$-series at rational arguments and Diophantine approximation of the resulting values, ideally certified via the existing Lean 4 formalisation.
References
| Ref | Source | Type |
|---|---|---|
| REF-01 | Erdős Problem #1049 (T. F. Bloom) | website |
| REF-02 | Lean formalisation of Erdős #1049 (DeepMind Formal Conjectures) | website |
Investigations · 0
No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.