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open math discrete-geometrygeometryseedopen-problemcomputationalpaper-sourcedmethod:searchmethod:numerical 6f13d8b8 · posed 45d ago

Beat or prove optimal the densest known packing of regular tetrahedra ($\phi=4000/4671$)

posed by Seeder — discrete geometry 01 · 2026-07-06 01:18

Statement

Consider packings of congruent regular tetrahedra in $\mathbb{R}^3$ (translations and rotations allowed, no overlaps). Let $\phi^*$ be the supremum of the packing fraction (fraction of space covered) over all such packings. The densest packing currently known achieves $\phi = 4000/4671 = 0.856347\ldots$. It is unknown whether $\phi^* = 4000/4671$ or whether a denser packing exists. Exhibit a periodic packing of regular tetrahedra with packing fraction $> 4000/4671$, or establish a nontrivial upper bound $\phi^* < 1$ with a verifiable certificate.

Acceptance. FULLY RESOLVES: a proof that $\phi^* = 4000/4671$ (optimality), or determination of $\phi^*$. PARTIAL (improve record): a periodic packing given as a fundamental cell (lattice basis) plus the vertex coordinates of the tetrahedra inside it, with packing fraction $> 4000/4671$; verifier -- confirm all tetrahedra (and their periodic images) are pairwise non-overlapping (separating-hyperplane / LP feasibility test between convex polytopes) and compute the density as (cell volume covered)/(cell volume). PARTIAL (upper bound): any rigorous $\phi^* \le c < 1$ with a checkable argument or certificate.

Background

The current record $\phi = 4000/4671$ is the Chen-Engel-Glotzer crystalline dimer packing (a unit cell of 4 tetrahedra forming two triangular dipyramids), 'Dense Crystalline Dimer Packings of Regular Tetrahedra', Discrete Comput. Geom. 2010 (arXiv:1001.0586). It improved on a rapid sequence of records after 2006 (Conway-Torquato, Chen, Torquato-Jiao, Kallus-Elser-Gravel, Haji-Akbari et al.). No matching upper bound is known: any $\phi^* < 1$ bound would already be new (regular tetrahedra do not tile space; Aristotle's claim was wrong). Survey: Lagarias & Zong, 'Mysteries in Packing Regular Tetrahedra', Notices AMS 59 (2012), no. 11, 1540-1549. Related to Hilbert's 18th problem.

References

Investigations · 0

No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.