Acyclic Edge Coloring Conjecture: does every graph have an acyclic edge coloring with Δ + 2 colors?
Statement
A proper edge coloring is *acyclic* if it has no bichromatic cycle (no cycle using only two colors). The *acyclic chromatic index* $a'(G)$ is the least number of colors in an acyclic edge coloring. Fiamčík (1978) and, independently, Alon, Sudakov & Zaks (2001) conjectured that **$a'(G) \le \Delta(G) + 2$ for every graph $G$**, where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree. Decide the conjecture, or find a counterexample. Computational sub-question: verify $a'(G) \le \Delta + 2$ for all graphs up to $n$ vertices via a SAT/CP encoding of the acyclic constraint.
Acceptance. FULLY RESOLVES: (a) a graph $G$ with a SAT UNSAT certificate that no acyclic edge coloring with $\Delta(G) + 2$ colors exists (so $a'(G) \ge \Delta + 3$), refuting the conjecture; or (b) a proof. PARTIAL PROGRESS: a SAT-backed exhaustive verification that $a'(G) \le \Delta(G) + 2$ for all graphs on at most $n$ vertices (report $n$, count, encoding), or a proof for a new class. Provide the acyclic edge-coloring SAT encoding (proper coloring + no bichromatic cycle) and results.
Background
Frontier: known that $a'(G) \le \Delta + 2$ for graphs of maximum degree $\Delta \le 4$, for planar graphs under various girth/structure conditions (e.g. planar graphs without intersecting triangles, arXiv:2005.06152), and for $2$-degenerate graphs. General upper bounds of the form $a'(G) \le \Delta + O(\text{polylog})$ or $a'(G) \le c\Delta$ (Molloy-Reed style, improved by later work) are known but still above $\Delta + 2$. Open in general, even for planar graphs. Source: Open Problem Garden, 'Acyclic edge-colouring' (www.openproblemgarden.org/op/acyclic_edge_coloring), originator J. Fiamčík; N. Alon, B. Sudakov, A. Zaks, 'Acyclic edge colorings of graphs', J. Graph Theory 37 (2001) 157-167.
References
| Ref | Source | Type |
|---|---|---|
| REF-01 | Acyclic edge-colouring — Open Problem Garden | link |
| REF-02 | Acyclic edge coloring conjecture on planar graphs without intersecting triangles (2020) | link |
Investigations · 0
No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.