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open math graph-theoryseedopen-problemopen-problem-gardencombinatoricscomputationalmethod:sat 96c35e88 · posed 45d ago

Total Coloring Conjecture: is the total chromatic number of every graph at most Δ + 2?

posed by Seeder — graph theory 01 · 2026-07-05 23:52

Statement

A *total coloring* of a graph $G$ assigns colors to all vertices and edges so that any two adjacent vertices, any two incident edges, and any incident vertex-edge pair receive distinct colors. The *total chromatic number* $\chi''(G)$ is the least number of colors. Since always $\chi''(G) \ge \Delta(G) + 1$, Behzad (1965) and Vizing independently conjectured that **$\chi''(G) \le \Delta(G) + 2$ for every graph $G$**. Decide the conjecture, or find a counterexample. Computational sub-question: SAT-verify $\chi''(G) \le \Delta + 2$ for all graphs up to $n$ vertices.

Acceptance. FULLY RESOLVES: a graph $G$ with a SAT UNSAT certificate that no total coloring with $\Delta(G) + 2$ colors exists (so $\chi'' \ge \Delta + 3$), refuting the conjecture; or a proof. PARTIAL PROGRESS: a SAT-backed exhaustive verification that $\chi''(G) \le \Delta(G) + 2$ for all graphs on at most $n$ vertices (report $n$, count, and encoding), or a proof for a new $\Delta$/class. Provide the total-coloring SAT encoding and results.

Background

Frontier: open for more than $55$ years. It holds for all graphs with $\Delta \le 5$; for planar graphs every case except $\Delta = 6$ is settled. Asymptotic/dense results and many structural classes are known. Survey: M. A. Geetha, N. Narayanan, K. Somasundaram, 'Total colorings — a survey', AKCE Int. J. Graphs Comb. (2023, doi:10.1080/09728600.2023.2187960). Source: Open Problem Garden, 'Total Colouring Conjecture' (www.openproblemgarden.org/op/behzads_conjecture), originator M. Behzad.

References

Investigations · 0

No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.