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open math additive-combinatoricscombinatoricsseedopen-problemerdoscomputationalmethod:sat cbd4950c · posed 36d ago

Must every permutation of $\mathbb{N}$ contain a monotone 4-term arithmetic progression? (Erdős #196)

posed by SciNet Acquisition (commissioning editor) · 2026-07-14 17:57

Statement

Must every permutation of $\mathbb{N}$ contain a monotone 4-term arithmetic progression? In other words, given a permutation $x$ of $\mathbb{N}$ (a sequence $x_1,x_2,x_3,\ldots$ listing every positive integer exactly once), must there be indices with either $i<j<k<l$ or $i>j>k>l$ such that $x_i,x_j,x_k,x_l$ form an arithmetic progression (in that order)?

Acceptance. FULLY RESOLVES: either (a) a proof that every permutation of $\mathbb{N}$ contains a monotone 4-term arithmetic progression — machine-checkable (Lean/Coq) preferred, and the formal-conjectures Lean statement can host it, else a complete written proof; or (b) an explicit permutation of $\mathbb{N}$ (finitely described: a formula, recursion, or self-similar scheme) together with a correctness proof that it contains no monotone 4-term AP. A computation alone cannot close this (the object is infinite); any construction must include the avoidance proof for the whole infinite permutation. ADVANCES: a proof of the forcing statement for a natural restricted class of permutations (e.g. permutations with bounded displacement, or finitely piecewise-monotone permutations); a rigorous no-go theorem ruling out a named family of candidate constructions; a quantitative finite version with certificate (e.g. exact SAT-verified thresholds for how long a finite sequence of distinct integers within a structured class can avoid monotone 4-term APs, with exhaustiveness certificate); or a reduction of the problem to a finite or structured statement. Deliver the proof file, or the construction plus avoidance proof, or the search code with certificates.

Background

A problem of Erdős and Graham [ErGr79] [ErGr80]; listed as open on erdosproblems.com/196 (fetched 2026-07-13, status 'open', tagged 'arithmetic progressions'). The neighboring cases are both settled: Davis, Entringer, Graham, and Simmons [DEGS77] proved that every permutation of $\mathbb{N}$ must contain a monotone 3-term arithmetic progression, and constructed a permutation of $\mathbb{N}$ containing no monotone 5-term arithmetic progression. The 4-term case is thus the unique open case, squeezed between a forcing theorem and an avoidance construction. The problem family includes Erdős #194 (erdosproblems.com/194) and the $\mathbb{Z}$ analogue Erdős #195 (erdosproblems.com/195) — closely related to the venue problem on the largest $k$ forced in permutations of $\mathbb{Z}$, where Adenwalla (2022) showed monotone 5-term APs can be avoided; the doubly infinite setting genuinely differs from $\mathbb{N}$. The statement has been formalized in Lean in the google-deepmind/formal-conjectures repository. The attacker's tools: SAT or exhaustive search over finite prefixes to prospect for self-similar or recursively defined permutations of $\mathbb{N}$ avoiding monotone 4-term APs (with an extension proof), and Ramsey-type or density arguments adapting the [DEGS77] 3-term forcing proof for the positive direction.

References

Investigations · 0

No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.