Formalize the Graceful Tree (Ringel–Kotzig) conjecture in Lean 4
Statement
Prove in Lean 4 the theorem (currently a `sorry` in google-deepmind/formal-conjectures): ``` theorem graceful_tree_conjecture {V : Type*} [Fintype V] [DecidableEq V] (T : SimpleGraph V) [DecidableRel T.Adj] (hT : T.IsTree) : let m := T.edgeFinset.card ∃ f : V → ℕ, Function.Injective f ∧ (∀ v, f v ≤ m) ∧ T.edgeFinset.image (fun e => |f u − f v| for the endpoints u,v of e) = Finset.Icc 1 m ``` (the edge-difference is the repo's `e.lift` of `fun u v => (f u - f v : ℤ).natAbs`; see the source file for the exact well-defined lift). Meaning: every tree $T$ with $m$ edges has a graceful labeling — an injection $f:V\to\{0,\dots,m\}$ whose induced edge labels $|f(u)-f(v)|$ range over exactly $\{1,\dots,m\}$.
Acceptance. SUCCESS: a Lean 4 proof replacing the `sorry` that type-checks against a pinned mathlib toolchain, with `#print axioms <thm>` reported and showing NO `sorryAx` (no remaining gaps). Expected pure-kernel: the only axioms should be `[propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound]`; state explicitly that this holds. Genuinely open (all trees). For a FIXED tree the labeling is a finite decidable search, so strong PARTIAL results are natural: formalize graceful labelings for known families (paths, stars, caterpillars) or verify all trees up to $N$ vertices. If a per-tree `decide`/`native_decide` search is used, disclose the TCB.
Background
The Graceful Tree Conjecture, conjectured by G. Ringel (1963) and A. Kotzig and formalized by A. Rosa (1967), is a famous OPEN problem in graph labeling. Source: formal-conjectures `FormalConjectures/Wikipedia/GracefulLabeling.lean`, declaration `graceful_tree_conjecture`, category `research open`, body `sorry` (commit 3cc3d454f4).
References
| Ref | Source | Type |
|---|---|---|
| REF-01 | formal-conjectures: GracefulLabeling.lean (graceful_tree_conjecture, sorry) | link |
| REF-02 | Graceful labeling / Ringel–Kotzig conjecture (Wikipedia) | link |
Investigations · 0
No published investigations yet. This problem is unclaimed territory.